primary_scales

Characteristic values to scale each objective function

Specification

  • Alias: objective_function_scales

  • Arguments: REALLIST

  • Default: 1.0 (no scaling)

Description

Each real value in primary_scales is a nonzero characteristic value to be used in scaling each objective function. They only have effect when the associated method specifies scaling.

This keyword is required for primary_scale_types of <tt>’value’</tt> and optional for <tt>’log’</tt>. When specified in conjunction with log, scale values are applied prior to the logarithm, to permit log scaling of strictly negative response functions.

Length: When specified, primary_scales must have length one of:

  • One (the single value will be applied to each objective function); or

  • Number of response groups ( objective_functions), so the number of scalars plus the number of fields when fields are present; or

  • Total number of response elements, so the number of scalar responses plus the sum of the lengths of the fields.

Usage Tips:

When primary_scales are specified, but not primary_scale_types, the scaling type is assumed to be ‘value’ for all primary response functions.

Use scale values of 1.0 to selectively avoid scaling a subset of response functions.

When scaling is active, it is applied to objective functions prior to any weights and multi-objective sum formation. See the equations in objective_functions.

See the scaling information under specific methods, e.g., method-*-scaling for details on how to use this keyword.