active_subspace
Active (variable) subspace model
Specification
Alias: subspace
Arguments: None
Child Keywords:
Required/Optional |
Description of Group |
Dakota Keyword |
Dakota Keyword Description |
---|---|---|---|
Required |
Pointer to specify a full-space model, from which to construct a lower dimensional surrogate |
||
Optional |
Initial number of samples for sampling-based methods |
||
Optional |
Selection of sampling strategy |
||
Optional |
Metric that estimates active subspace size |
||
Optional |
Explicitly specify the desired subspace size |
||
Optional |
Number of bootstrap replicates used in truncation metrics |
||
Optional |
Construct moving least squares surrogate over active subspace |
||
Optional |
Normalize gradient samples |
Description
A model that transforms the original model (given by
truth_model_pointer
) to one with a reduced set of variables. This
reduced model is identified by iteratively sampling the gradient of
the original model and performing a singular value decomposition of
the gradient matrix.
Expected Output
A subspace model will perform an initial sampling design to identify an active subspace using one of the truncation methods.
Usage Tips
If the desired subspace size is not identified, consider using the explicit
dimension
truncation option or one of the other truncation methods.
Examples
Perform an initial 100 gradient samples and use the bing_li
truncation method to identify an active subspace. The truncation method uses 150 bootstrap samples
to compute the Bing Li truncation metric.
model
subspace
id_model = 'SUBSPACE'
truth_model_pointer = 'FULLSPACE'
initial_samples 100
truncation_method bing_li
bootstrap_samples 150
Theory
The idea behind active subspaces is to find directions in the input variable space in which the quantity of interest is nearly constant. After rotation of the input variables, this method can allow significant dimension reduction. Below is a brief summary of the process.
- Compute the gradient of the quantity of interest, \(q = f(\mathbf{x})\) ,
at several locations sampled from the full input space,
Compute the eigendecomposition of the matrix \(\hat{\mathbf{C}}\) ,
- where \(\hat{\mathbf{W}}\) has eigenvectors as columns,
\(\hat{\mathbf{\Lambda}} = \text{diag}(\hat{\lambda}_1,\:\ldots\:,\hat{\lambda}_N)\) contains eigenvalues, and \(N\) is the total number of parameters.
- Using a
truncation_method
or specifying a dimension
to estimate the active subspace size, split the eigenvectors into active and inactive directions,
- Using a
These eigenvectors are used to rotate the input variables.
- Next the input variables, \(\mathbf{x}\) , are expanded in terms of active and
inactive variables,
A surrogate is then built as a function of the active variables,
For additional information, see:
Constantine, Paul G. “Active Subspaces: Emerging Ideas for Dimension Reduction in Parameter Studies”. Vol. 2. SIAM, 2015.
Constantine, Paul G., Eric Dow, and Qiqi Wang. “Active subspace methods in theory and practice: Applications to kriging surfaces.” SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 36.4 (2014): A1500-A1524.
Constantine, Paul, and David Gleich. “Computing Active Subspaces.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1408.0545 (2014).